(V5 has even been shown to be activated by verbs such as “walking”, or mimic words that imply the same action.) Research into this phenomenon often uses paintings and photographs as visual stimuli. This is a part of the visual cortex located in the inferior temporal gyrus, which contains neurons that are sensitive to motion.
It is well established that static images with implied motion activate a subregion of the extrastriate cortex referred to as area V5 or area MT. As a new study just published in the journal NeuroReport shows, the figures in the sketches are perceived to be moving because their gravity-defying postures activate regions of the visual cortex that are sensitive to motion. The simple line drawings in his Manga strips lack all of the commonly-used motion effects, yet give a strong impression of movement by depicting the human body in highly unstable postures. The Japanese artist and printmaker Katsushika Hokusai (1760-1849) used a different and innovative technique to convey motion. Motion can also be conveyed by superimposing several images showing the successive positions of a movement, or by a blurred image showing the different positions simultaneously. Cartoonists also use action lines to depict movement and speed, with straight lines conveying fast movements and wavy lines conveying slower ones. One of these, commonly used in posters, comics and animation, is the affine shear effect, whereby a moving object is depicted as leaning into the direction of movement.
Artists employ a number of different techniques to represent implied motion in two-dimensional works.
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